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TEKA
Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych XII/2017.
Commission of Political Science and International Affairs
Spis treści - plik PDF
Strona redakcyjna - editorial page - plik PDF
Maciej Münnich
Institute of History
Department of Ancient History
Catholic University of Lublin
Syria Past and Present-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: The internal situation in Syria during the first four years of conflict resembles a kaleidoscope
showing a different picture every minute. Individual elements keep changing their places,
some lose their meaning, others take more space, some disappear completely, and new ones take
their place. Perhaps this view does not change from day to day, but it surely changes from month
to month, and an inexperienced observer may soon be lost in the mass of new information and
changing names. The present text aims to present a short review of the situation during the Syrian
civil war. The present conflict has its roots deep in the past and in order to understand it one needs
to go back in time and describe even if superficially the history of Syria since it gained its independence.
Its earlier history is, of course, also fascinating, yet if one does not want to be forced
to write a book on the five thousand years of Syrian history, it seems fitting to refer the reader to
other works on the subject. Therefore, the first part of the present draft will focus on the historical
background of the current conflict, and the second part will concern the course of the conflict since
its outbreak in 2011 through July 2015.
Key words: Syria, civil war, Hafiz al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad, history of Syria
Agata Włodkowska-Bagan
Institute of International Politics and Security Political Theory,
International Relations, Foreign Policy Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce
Syria in Russias Foreign Policy in the 21st Century- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: The USSR used to be a very important actor in the Middle East. Immediately after the
dissolution of the Soviet empire, Russias involvement in the region was reduced. However, since
the mid-1990s Moscows efforts on strengthen its position in the region became evident.
This article aims to show the determinants and goals of the Russian Federations foreign policy
towards Syria in the 21st century. It will provide a brief analysis of the reasons and interests for
Russias activity in Syria and support for Bashar al-Assad since the outbreak of the civil war.
Key words: Syria, Russia, the Middle East, civil war in Syria, Arab Spring
David Jervis
International Relations Department Faculty of Political Science UMCS
Barack Obama, Syria, and the Exertion of American Military Power-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: This article reviews American policy toward Syria since the onset of its civil war there.
It concentrates on debates and decisions about the use of American military power to influence
events there. Before 2014, President Barack Obama consistently refused to use military power and, while he did
initiate military action against the Islamic State in the summer of 2014, many in and out of the administration
thought he should do more. This article identifies reasons for Obamas hesitance and
argues that some of his pre-2014 fears about using military power have been realized in later years.
Key words: Obama, Syria, Islamic State, military power
Adam Szymański
Institute of Political Science
University of Warsaw
Turkish Policy Towards War in Syria-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: Turkey is an important actor of the war in Syria. After the first months of the conflict
the Syrian neighbour began supporting the opposition forces in the war and took a very critical
approach to Bashar al-Assads regime, based on the assumption that the Syrian president must
definitely resign from the office. It was a substantial change of the Turkish policy towards Syria
in comparison to the first decade of the 21st century. The main goal of this article is an in-depth
analysis of Turkeys policy towards the war in Syria in order to identify the reasons for a specific,
inflexible Turkish position. The author verifies positively a hypothesis that the Turkish policy
towards Syria and the war there is a result of the interplay of many domestic and foreign policy
factors in Turkey as well as the regional and international situation. The inflexible Turkish position
is in this context a consequence of the more sectarian policy of the AKP government (reflecting
the departure from the strategic depth doctrine) connected with the ideological factor as well as
the negative consequences of the Assad regimes actions for Turkish security and the increasingly
complex Kurdish issue.
Keywords: Turkey, Syria, Al-Assad regime, Kurds, Islamic State.
Agnieszka Bryc
Faculty of Political Sciences and International Studies The Nicolaus Copernicus University
War in Syria: No Good News for Israel?-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: In the Middle East things are not always what they seem to be. It would appear that Israel
and Syria are the odd couple in the Middle East. Although their relationship seems to be typical
of sworn enemies, full of aggressive rhetoric, distrust and a hostile atmosphere, in fact, however,
both countries were driven for decades by pragmatic security interests and they have managed to
avoid a violent military clash. Yet the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011 created an opportunity
for Israel to change the regime in Damascus and made it rethink its policy towards Syria. Therefore,
Jerusalem had to decide whether to take the historical chance or stay passive.
The goal of this paper is to answer a few questions whether the war in Syria is a challenge or
a threat for Israel? How Jerusalem has tried to balance the chance to get rid of its old enemy and
the fundamental security concerns about getting involved into a massive regional conflict. The
analysis finds that Israel has a limited impact on events in Syria, that it is able to react at most, and
in no case to create facts on the Syrian battlefront. It is also remarkable that, paradoxically, the
turmoil in the Middle East even along the Israeli borders has not directly undermined the Jewish
state due to the complexity of a dynamic situation and the fact the at superpowers are embroiled
into contradictory campaigns.
Key words: Israel, Syria, Russia, U.S., ISIS, the Middle East, Bashar Assad, war, conflict, security.
Małgorzata Samojedny
Department of Political and Legal Doctrines Faculty of Law,
Administration and Economics University of Wroclaw
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria and its role in Syrias current situation-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: The Muslim Brotherhood is a global organization with representatives in each Muslim
or Muslims minority country. According to its doctrine, the movement main goal is establishment
of the Caliphate based on principles of Islam. This global organization is recognized in many
countries as a terrorist organization and banned. But still, it is the most underestimated movement
in the whole Islamic world. Its role in current situation in Syria is not widely known but relevant.
Though, it is the main creator and the eminence grise of the Syrian conflict, nobody recognizes
this movement as a threat. The Syrian Branch of Muslim Brotherhood, as longtime Assads enemy,
peruses to movement main goal, by stages: regime overthrow and authority takeover in Syria. The
Author presents the role of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syrian conflict with historical background
and the movement current multidimensional influences and goals.
Key words: Muslim Brotherhood, Syria, Assad, Arab Spring, Political Islam, Islamism
Marcin Szydzisz
Institute of International Studies Faculty of Social Sciences
University of Wroclaw
Palestinian refugees in Syria during the Syrian Civil War-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: The article is an attempt to describe situation of Palestinian refugees during the Syrian
Civil War. The author explains the attitude of the conflicts main parties towards Palestinians. The
paper also presents the stance of Palestinian parties (Hamas and PLO) and Palestinian refugees
towards the Assad regime and rebels. Unfortunately, fights have been occurring in Palestinian
camps, too (especially in the Yarmouk camp), so Palestinians are also victims of the conflict.
Słowa kluczowe: Palestine, Palestinian refugees, Syria, Yarmouk camp.
Saad Abudayeh
Faculty of International Studies Political Science
Jordan University in Amman
Bargain Diplomacy in the Syrian Crisis-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Abstract: The Syrian crisis is different from other crisis in the region. There are two basic international
players USA and Russia. AS well there are two basic regional players. From the beginning
every one observed the huge media that the collapse of the regime is a matter of time. There was
money, Arms, insurgents, media, and information which were used against Syria. But Syria survived.
The pro Syria basic player Russia depended on several methods. Russia was clever in the
diplomacy of bargains to save Syria mainly in the last summer and autumn, 2016.
Key words: diplomacy, zero sum game, Syria, Nusra Organization (Front).
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