TEKA
Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa VIIA/2007.
Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture

Strona redakcyjna - editorial page - plik PDF

Spis treści - plik PDF

RANDOMNESS ANALYSIS OF GAS SCAVENGE MEASUREMENTS - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Karol F. Abramek

Faculty of Motor Vehicle Operation, Szczecin University of Technology

Summary. The purpose of the paper was an attempt to evaluate a stochastic character of gas scavenge measurements to a crankcase. It was noticed in laboratory and workshop measurements that test results of scavenge are random and often ambiguous. In the paper the author tried to explain a reason of test result variations. Statistical analysis of gas scavenge measurements was performed on the SB-3.1 testing one-cylinder engine at selected rotational speeds of an engine's crankshaft. Selection of specified speeds was based on a course of scavenge characteristics in a rotational speed function of the engine's crankshaft.

Keywords: scavenge, combustion engine, piston, piston rings, cylinder

AN ANALYSIS OF POWER EFFECTIVENESS OF SPEED PROFILE IN VIEW OF DRIVING ACCELERATION IN URBAN MEANS OF TRANSPORT, USING SAS SYSTEM - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Zbigniew Burski

Department of Vehicles and Engines, Agricultural University of Lublin, Poland

Summary. In this thesis there are introduced basics of analysis of power-intensivity of single traction parameters of a vehicle, using computer system SAS. In the assumed methodology the object of speculations was, via direct researches, a unit of successive modules of transit of urban means of transport with construction convergent with the module, appearing in theoretical speculations. Five transportation routes were taken into account, while making statistical calculations of significant variances in traction parameters of the transit, concerning consumption of energy of the consumed fuel. While making direct statistical calculations using the method of multiple comparisons, there were taken into account modules of each of these lines which make up transits backwards and forwards. There were proven no significant differences between these modules concerning power efficiency in view of acceleration and breaking of a vehicle on accepted level of statistical significance.

Key words: vehicle exploitation, power effectivenes, tachographs, public transport, urban area.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AN INFLUENCE OF A PISTON'S GABARIT-MASS MODIFICATION IN A S-4002/3 ENGINE ON VIBRATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF LIMITARY CLEARANCE - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Zbigniew Burski*, Joanna Tarasińska**

* Dep. of Vehicles and Engines, Agricultural University in Lublin, Poland
** Dep. of Applied Mathematics, Agricultural University in Lublin, Poland

Summary. In the paper the analysis of correlation is used to estimate an influence of gabarit-mass modification in a conventional piston of a S 4002/3 engine on the level of vibrations in the cylinder liner with limitary clearance. The researches were made by the method of experimental simulation with a different volume of compression chamber. It is shown that, in comparison to technological clearance, exploitation wear of p-r-c set causes a decrease of correlation coefficients between vibration level in different conditions of research. It concerns the most of measurement planes.

Key words: agricultural tractor, engine, vibration dynamics of p-r-c, simulation experiment

APPLICATION OF THE TIME DENSITY CHARACTERISTICS IN OPTIMISATION OF PARAMETERS OF AN ENGINE WITH SEQUENTIAL TURBO-CHARGING - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Krzysztof Danilecki

Faculty of Motor Vehicles Operation - Technical University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland. E-mail: kdanilecki@ps.pl, tel. +48 (91) 4494077

Summary. Reduced pollution of the natural environment with toxic compounds emitted by motor-vehicle engines is at present one of the most serious ecological issues. Not only the engine properties will decide on meeting these requirements but also the expected conditions of its operation that should be taken into consideration in the constructional and adjustment works. Attention was paid in this paper to the aspects of application of the optimisation procedure in the field of combustion engines. One of the possibilities of controlling the fuel consumption and concentration of toxic components in the exhaust gases was presented through optimum - as far as the set conditions are concerned - selection of constructional parameters of the turbo-charging system and methods of its adjustment. The results of the measurements of fuel consumption and the smoke opacity of the exhaust gases of the engine with compression-ignition of the SW-680 type with the sequential turbo-charging system were used in the calculations. An optimum configuration of the turbo-charging unit reduction of fuel consumption was obtained with keeping the smoke opacity of exhaust gases at the permissible level, which can be considered as a very promising result.

Key words: optimisation, sequential turbo-charging, emission of toxic compounds, fuel consumption.

GROUNDING THE PARAMETERS OF THE PNEUMATIC DEVICE FOR PESTS COLLECTING - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Taras Gucol*, Ivan Bendera*, Janusz Nowak**

*Institute of Agricultural Machinery and Energetics, Podillya State Agricultural University, Szevczenka Str. 13, Kam'yanets-Podil'sky, 32300, Ukraine, e-mail: gtd777@mail.ru
*Management and Production Engineering Department, Agricultural University of Lublin, Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland

Summary. The article presents a system of pneumo-mechanic devices for ecologically clean plants care. Some of the main construction parameters of a pneumatic device for pests collection have been grounded.

Key words: Colorado potato beetle, pipe, working chamber

CHANGEABILITY OF HEAT OUTPUT OF HEAT PUMP WITH SCROLL TYPE COMPRESSOR - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Jarosław Knaga

Agricultural University in Cracow, Departament of Power Engineering in Agriculture

Summary. The paper presents results of examination of a heat pump with scroll type compressor, manufactured by Vatra SA. The statistical analysis carried out, revealed significant impact of the upper and lower heat source temperatures on the heat pump power output, and the dependency obtained presents the qualitative and quantitative influence of those factors.

Keywords: heat pump, heat pump power output, lower upper heat source temperature, alternative power engineering.

DETERMINING THE ENERGY OF A WIND ROTOR IN A PULVERIZING AERATOR SYSTEM pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Ryszard Konieczny*, Lech Pieczyński**

* Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming (ILRGF) at Falenty, Western Pomeranian Research Centre in Szczecin, ul. Czesława 9, 71-504 Szczecin, Poland e-mail: rkoniecz@poczta.onet.pl
** Regional Fund For Environmental Protection & Water Management Province of Western Pomerania, ul. Solskiego 3, 71-323 Szczecin, Poland

Summary. The paper discusses problems of lake water quality improvement aided by slow-moving wind turbines, the structure and function of a wind-driven pulverising aerator, and mathematical calculation of rotor energy. Knowledge on the theoretical Savonius rotor energy in the pulverising aerator system will assist in the selection of aerator operation parameters and improve the efficiency of pulverising aeration of Lake Starzyc.

Key words: wind energy, Savonius rotor, pulverising aerator, lakes

EFFECTS OF CONDITIONING METHODS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING PELLETING - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Ryszard Kulig

Departament of Machine Operation in Food Industry, Agricultural University in Lublin, Poland

Summary. The paper presents the results of studies on the effects of conditioning methods on energy consumption during pelleting of selected plant raw materials. Steam conditioning was compared to cold conditioning. Electrical and thermal energy consumption in the pelleting process were determined. It was found out that steam conditioning allowed to reduce electrical energy consumption (on average by 30%), as compared to cold conditioning. Total energy consumption during pelleting was lower in the case of cold conditioning.

Key words: pelleting, conditioning, energy consumption

STEAM AND HEAT CONSUMPTION DURING CONDITIONING OF VEGETABLE FEED RAW MATERIALS IN THE PELLETING PROCESS - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Ryszard Kulig

Departament of Machine Operation in Food Industry, Agricultural University in Lublin, Poland

Summary. The paper presents the results of studies on the effects of the parameters of conditioning of selected feed raw materials on the energy consumption of the process. The studies were conducted on a test stand equipped with a microprocessor system measuring steam and heat consumption. The conclusion reached is that the mean values of steam consumption range between 17.03 and 158 kg.t-1, while those of thermal energy consumption - from 41.1 to 516.7 kJ.kg-1. Among the characteristics distinguishing the treated material, specific heat and bulk density had the most significant impact on heat consumption. The lowest mean demand for thermal energy (91.45 kJ.kg-1) was recorded in maize, while the highest (260.4 kJ.kg-1) - in lucerne.

Key words: pelleting, conditioning, thermal energy, specific heat

AN ATTEMPT AT MEASUREMENT OF THE AIR VOLUME IN BEAN PODS - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Piotr Kuźniar, Stanisław Sosnowski

Department of Production Engineering, University of Rzeszów, M. Ćwiklińskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszów, ssos@uniw.rzeszow.pl, pkuzniar@univ.rzeszow.pl

Summary. The study contains the results of preliminary tests on working out a method of fast measuring of the internal volume of a pod filled with the air. The tests were carried out on bean pods grown for dry seeds of cultivars: Narew, Nida and Warta. There was the comparison of four methods of measurement of the volume (pycnometric and three simple pod models). The four applied methods of volume measurement significantly influenced the results, both in the total volume of the pod and the air volume in the pod. The above mentioned qualities had higher results for the method II and lower for the method III. The volume measured with the method I (pycnometer) and the method IV differed statistically insignificantly. It can be claimed that the proposed in this method simple model of a pod enables to measure the total volume of a pod. Unfortunately, there is no elimination of the necessity of pyncometer measurements in order to calculate the air volume inside the pod.

Key words: bean pod, volume, measurement methods.

IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SUPERCHARGING ON ENGINE PROPERTIES - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Maciej Lisowski

Szczecin University of Technology

Summary. This paper presents the results of research work into the influence of dynamic supercharging on the course of torque curve and matching of engine characteristics to the driving conditions of the vehicle. Some tests results concerning dynamic supercharging of SW-680 engine were obtained, particularly concerning its influence on the torque curve. Methodology, suggested by the author, of simulation tests concerning adjustment of engine working point to the conditions of driving, was explained.

Key words: dynamic supercharging, driving conditions, torque curve.

SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Jaromir Mysłowski*, Ryszard Wołoszyn**

Department of Automotive Vehicles Operation of the Technical University of Szczecin Piastów Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland, e-mail: jarmyslowski@ps.pl,
Institute of Operation of Machines and Vehicles of the Technical University of Radom, Chrobry str. 45, 26-600 Radom

Summary. The ongoing difficulties with fuel and energy are the reason for continuous search for new energy carriers and trials to limit the energy consumption, which will result in reduction of harmful impact on the environment. The article presents some ways to find new types of fuels and some technical methods to arrange this process.

Key words: alternative fuels, engine, oils of vegetable origin.

FIRMNESS DETERMINATION USING COMPUTER MACHINE VISION SYSTEM - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Czesław Puchalski*, Józef Gorzelany*, Grzegorz Zaguła*, Gerald Brusewitz**

* Department of Production Ingeneering, University of Rzeszow, ul. Ćwiklińskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
** Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 216 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA (Paper delivered to International Agrophysics)

Summary. The objective of this study was to use light transmitted through a fruit to determine its firmness. The system developed in this study was capable of rapid acquisition of light transmission light a fruit and gave a relatively good prediction of apple firmness. The results show good correlation from 0.40 to 0.90 between mean gray level and fruit firmness. The best parameters were acquired by mean gray level with fruit firmness. Depth of transmitted light had lower correlation and other vision parameters had poor relationships.

Key words: apple, firmness, vision system, nondestructive

DETERMINING APPLE MASS ON THE BASIS OF REBOUND ENERGY DURING IMPACT - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Zbigniew Stropek, Krzysztof Gołacki

Department of Machine Theory and Automatic Control, Agricultural University in Lublin

Summary. The article presents a possibility of fruit mass estimation on the basis of response force measurement during impact. The applied method allows to determine the coefficient of restitution. It is calculated on the basis of the force course of two consecutive fruit bounces against a steel plate with a fastened force sensor. The theoretical substantiation of the method was given. For the experimental research Florina and Rajka apple varieties were used, characterized by high firmness and substantial mass dispersion of a single fruit. Before the experiment there was determined the maximum available drop height, at which plastic deformation did not yet occur during the impact. For both the tested varieties 15 mm drop height was assumed. A high correlation was stated between the actual apple mass value and the estimated apple mass value from the impact experiment. For Florina and Rajka varieties the coefficient of determination for the linear regression amounted to 0,994 and 0,998, respectively.

Key words: impact loading, apple, mass estimation, energy coefficient of restitution

ANALYSIS OF CUTTING PROCESS OF PLANT MATERIAL - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Mariusz Szymanek

Katedra Maszynoznawstwa Rolniczego, Wydział Inżynierii Produkcji 20-612 Lublin, ul. Głęboka 28, mariusz.szymanek@ar.lublin.pl, tel. 081 445 61 28

Summary. an analysis of the cutting process of plant material was presented in the aspects of an influence of the geometrical and kinematical parameters as well as the properties of plant material on the quality of cutting.

Key words: cut, sharpness, edge geometry

INFERENCE RULES IN MACHINE STATE FORECASTING - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF

Henryk F. Tylicki

Faculty of Mechanics, Department of Vehicles and Transport Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Kaliskiego Str. 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, e-mail: tylicki@utp.edu.pl

Summary. The article presents problems of determination of machine state forecasting algorithms as the basis for inference rules study.

Key words: machine state forecasting, algorithmization of procedures, inference rules.