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TEKA
Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa XVI_4/2016.
Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture
Strona redakcyjna - editorial page - plik PDF
List of the Reviewers - editorial page - plik PDF
Spis treści - plik PDF
Od autora- plik PDF
Małgorzata Budzeń, Agnieszka Sujak, Dariusz Wiącek
Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-933 Lublin, Poland
Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 13, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
Effect of Pre-Sowing Laser Treatment of Seed on the Biomass Yield
and Energy Value of Lavatera Thuringiaca L . Plant
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of
pre-sowing seed stimulation of Thuringian Mallow (Lavatera
thuringiaca L.) with He-Ne laser light of different exposure times
on the crop yield as well as on energetic parameters such as calorific
value and combustion heat. Seeds were subjected to laser
light with an exposition time of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes.
Measurements were carried out independently on mature plants
from the first and second vegetation year. The results varied
between the samples, which indicated possible impact of laser
radiation on the resultant weight and calorific value of various
experimental combinations. For plants from the second vegetation
year the statistical differences in calorific value, combustion
heat and crop mass were found between samples characterized by
different exposition times: between sample irradiated for 30 min
(L30) and 1 min (L1) as well as between sample L30 and sample
irradiated for 5 minutes (L5). For plants after the first vegetation
year the statistically significant differences in calorific value and
combustion heat were found for sample with exposition time of
15 minutes (L15) and control sample, for sample L15 and sample
L5 as well as between samples L15 and L30. For all the samples
from the second vegetation year the increase in combustion heat
and calorific values were detected as compared to control. Thus,
after the application of certain parameters of laser radiation to the
processing of seeds, the plant can be more useful for energetic
purposes through more efficient crop.
Key words: renewable energy, biomass, Thuringian Mallow,
combustion heat, calorific value, laser radiation.
Józef Gorzelany, Dagmara Migut, Natalia Matłok, Piotr Kuźnar
Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering of the University of Rzeszów
Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Fresh Fruit and Brine Pickles
Obtained from Selected Varieties of Field Cucumber, Depending
on the Chemical Composition of Brine, Duration of Pickling and Additional
Starting Cultures - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. Monitoring of the mechanical properties of fruit obtained
from cucumber plants is extremely important because of
their use in processing, since these properties are reflected by the
finished products of processing. Mechanical defects produced at
the time of harvesting, during transport and at the specific stages
of processing may adversely affect the course of technological
processing (brine and vinegar pickling), resulting in spoilt preserves
no longer useful for commercial purposes. The study was
designed to identify selected mechanical properties in fresh and
pickled fruit obtained from field cucumbers during spontaneous
fermentation and fermentation promoted by selected lactic bacteria
cultures. Additionally, water contents were measured in fresh
cucumbers. The findings show significant differences between
the analysed parameters.
Key words: field cucumber, pickling, peel and flesh puncture
strength, water contents.
Józef Gorzelany, Mirela Kotlicka, Natalia Matłok, Dagmara Migut, Grzegorz Witek
Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering of the University of Rzeszów
Assessment of Selected Physical Properties
of Fresh and Stored Large Cranberry Fruit
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. The study has identified selected mechanical properties
of fresh and stored fruit of large cranberry. The analyses
focused on the changes in the values of peel and flesh puncture
strength in the selected cranberry varieties depending on
water content and storage duration. Measurements were also
performed to examine deformations and energy needed to cut
through the fruit peel and flesh. The value of breaking stress
was calculated. The findings show a decrease in the relevant
parameters during storage of fruit obtained from the examined
varieties of large cranberry. Mean water contents in the fruit of
the relevant varieties were in the range of 86.4-89.1%. There was
a notable decrease in the mean value of peel and flesh puncture
strength in the fruit of the relevant varieties of large cranberry.
The mean value of peel and flesh puncture strength in the fresh
fruit of cranberry was 6.1 N, and after 40 days in storage the
value decreased by 2.3 N.
Key words: large cranberry, mechanical properties, peel and
flesh puncture strength, water contents.
Marcin Kaliszewski, Paweł Mazuro
Institute of Heat Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology
Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland,
email: markaliszewski@gmail.com, pawel.mazuro@itc.pw.edu.pl
Alternative FEM Algorithm of Determining Piston Ring Pressure
Distribution on a Cylinder to a Contact Simulation
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. An alternative FEM algorithm of fi nding piston ring
pressure distribution to a contact simulation is introduced. The
method is basing on an analytical determining of required nodal
displacement boundary conditions. Its several confi gurations
are tested using APDL and compared to a no-separation contact
simulation of a simple 2D fi nite element model of a two-stroke
piston ring made of Titanium alloy. Each of the methods tested
in the paper brings displacement result and Huber-Misses equivalent
stresses close to each other. However, only one of those
brings resulting contact pressure close to a no-separation contact
simulation. Nonetheless, the obtained confi guration occurred
to be less computationally effi cient than no- separation contact
simulation performed in an ANSYS software.
Key words: Finite Element Method, alternative algorithm to
contact simulation, pressure distribution, APDL, two-stroke
piston ring.
Krishna Kayastha
Prosp., 31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03680, e-mail: kriskaes
Povitroflotskyi Prosp., 31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03680, e-mail: kriskaes@gmail.com
Development of Water Well with Circulating Treatment
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. The purpose of this article is to
present a new bell type water well construction
with circulating treatment and its application. The
construction of the water well has been developed
and research has been conducted using
physical and electrical modelling as well as in the
practical field. Researches in this work are of
analytical and experimental character. As the
results of the research, optimal physical parameters
of the constructions have been found and
analytical ? empirical formulae have been derived
to calculate hydraulic parameters. Recommendation
for application has been presented.
The results received in this work can be used for
the application of well construction. Further research
is required to improve the physical and the
hydraulic parameters of the proposed construction.
The work has scientific and practical interest.
Key words: electrical and physical modelling,
water well construction, ground water, bell type
water well, circulating treatment, water supply,
irrigation.
Boris Kotov, Roman Kalinichenko, Anatoliy Spirin
Vinnytsia National Agrarian University
Soniachna St.,3, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, e-mail: spirin-av@mail.ru
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Heroyiv Oborony St., 15, Kyiv, Ukraine; e-mail: rkalinichenko@ukr.net
Mathematical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer Process
Under Heat Treatment of Grain Materials in Dense Layer-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. Postharvest processing of grain is an
important step in the overall grain production
process. It makes possible not only quantitative
and qualitative preservation of the harvest, but
also ensures maximum profit from its sale at the
most favorable market conditions. Convective
heat treatment (drying, cooling) guarantees
commercial harvest conservation, prevents its
loss, and in some cases improves the quality of
the finished product.
The necessity of intensification and
automation of technological processes of
postharvest grain processing requires the
development of methods of mathematical
modeling of energy-intensive processes of
convective heat treatment. The determination
and substantiation of optimum modes and
parameters of equipment operation to ensure the
preservation of grain quality is possible only
when applying mathematical modeling
techniques.
In this work, a mathematical model of
particulate material drying is presented through
a system of differential equations in partial
derivatives of which the variable in time and
space relationship between heat and mass
transfer processes in the material and a drying
agent is reflected.
The aim of the research was to determine
the dynamics of the interrelated fields of
unsteady temperature and moisture content of
the material and the drying agent on the basis of
mathematical models of heat and mass transfer
in the layer of particulate material in convective
heat approach or heat retraction.
The implementation of the mathematical
model proposed in the standard mathematical set
allows analyzing efficiency of machines and
equipment for the convective heat treatment of
particulate agricultural materials in a dense
layer, according the determinant technological
parameters and operating modes.
Key words: heat and mass transfer, active
ventilation, thermal drying, mathematical model,
temperature field, field of moisture content.
Piotr Kuźniar, Wacław Jarecki, Stanisław Sosnowski, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro,
Natalia Matłok, Dagmara Migut
Department of Engineering in Agricultural Food Production,
Department of Plant Production,
University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland, e-mail: pkuzniar@ur.edu.pl
The Effect of Different Sowing Rate, Foliar Fertilization and Chemical
Composition on the Mechanical Properties of Narrow-Leaved Lupine Seeds
(Lupinus angustifolius L.)
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. The aim of the studies was to evaluate the influence
of sowing rate, foliar fertilization (Basfoliar fertilizer 6-12-6)
and chemical composition on the mechanical properties of narrow-
leaved lupine seeds of cultivars Bojar and Regent. Single
seeds were burdened in the direction perpendicular to the parting
plane of cotyledons with constant speed 10 mmmin-1. The crop
year and cultivar have significantly differentiated the value of all
the analyzed strength parameters of narrow-leaved lupine seeds.
The seeds of cultivar Bojar had significantly higher values of all
the strength parameters. The designated strength parameters of
lupine seeds were negatively correlated with ash content, fiber
and protein except for the destructive force. They were also
positively correlated with the fat content.
Key words: narrow-leaved lupine, sowing rate, foliar fertilization,
lupine seeds, chemical composition, mechanical properties.
Vasily Olshanskii, Alexander Olshanskii, Sergey Kharchenko, Farida Kharchenko
Analytical Method for Determining Porosity in the Layer
of Vibro Separated Grain Mixture
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
SSummary. The formulas have been entered and
approved for the calculation of porosity distribution
on the thickness of layer of fine-grained
mixture during its separation by the inclined flat
or vertical cylinder vibro sieves. It has been
attained as a result of approximation of tabular
information of the obtained numerical computer
integration of the specially worked out nonlinear
differential equations of the second order in a
dimensionless form. For approximation, the
function of degree coefficients and index is used
for the degrees which are certain by the Aitken's
method. Coefficients of the entered analytical
dependence are the vibro sieves related to the
parameters obtained by mechanical descriptions
of the separated material. Coefficients of the
entered analytical dependence are related to the
parameters of vibro sieves and mechanical descriptions
of the separated material. In the case
of cylinder vertical vibro sieve the action of
centrifugal force is also taken into account. The
method of mixture porosity calculation does not
need a computer numerical integration of nonlinear
differential equations conducted by other
authors for solving this problem. Comparison of
numerical results of the proposed analytical
method of calculation with the ones described in
literature, have confirmed its high accuracy results,
for the differences do not exceed one percent.
The expounded method is universal enough
and simple in use, besides it opens the possibilities
of subsequent analytical integration of differential
equalizations of motion at the calculation
of kinematics descriptions of grain flow.
The developed method gives the opportunity to
also solve the inverse task when, according to
experimental measurements of porosity values
of grain mixtures on the thickness of movable
separated layer, it is needed to find the value of
phenomenological permanent that is included in
the expressions of coefficients of initial differential
equalization. In this way, the adequacy of
the mathematical model is improved. The use of
approximation of degree considerably simplifies
the method of authentication of differential
equalization coefficients. In the article, the examples
of grain mixture porosity calculation as
well as the examples of phenomenological permanent
authentication have been resulted after
experimental calculations for both the variants
of vibro sieves.
Key words: vibro sieve separation, grain mixture
layer, porosity calculation, analytical method,
approximation of degree, authentication of
phenomenological permanent
Eduard Petrenko, Mahdi Gharakhanlou
Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Povitroflotskyy Prosp., 31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03680, e-mail: ed2952@voliacable.com
Analysis of Slope at the Static Load Increase
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. Based on the example of the pilot
area in Kiev the influence of the increased static
load on the superstructure of the stress-strain
state of the slope was studied. The efficiency of
the proposed methodology when considering the
work of "home-slope-retaining structure"
depending on natural and anthropogenic factors
was demonstrated.
Key words: slope, soil, landslide-prone areas,
finite element method, retaining wall
M. Piven
Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko, National Technical University of Agriculture
44 Artema St., Kharkiv, Ukraine. E-mail: info@khntusg.com.ua
Planned Motion Equations of Free-running Grain Mixture Flow
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. In the article the equations have been
worked making it possible to model the motion of freerunning
grain mixture flow on a flat sloping vibrating
sieve within the framework of shallow water theory.
Free-running grain mixture is considered as a
heterogeneous system consisting of two phases, one of
which represents solid particles and the other one gas.
The mixture is brought into a state of fluidity by means
of high-frequency vibration imposition. Coefficients of
internal and external friction and dynamic-viscosity
decrease by exponential law as the fluctuation intensity
is increased.
When considering grain mixture dynamics, the
following assumptions are put forward: we ignore the
air presence in space between particles, we consider the
density of particles to be constant, the free-running
mixture is similar to Newtonian liquid.
The basic system of equations of grain mixture
dynamics is due to the laws of continuum mechanics.
The equation of continuity is issued from the law of
conservation of mass, and the dynamic equations are
issued from the law of variation of momentum.
The stress tensor equals to the sum of the
equilibrium tensor and the dissipative tensor. The
equilibrium part of the stress tensor is represented by
the spherical tensor, which is found to conform to
Pascal law for liquids, and the dissipative part, which is
responsible for viscous force effect and defined by
Navier-Stokes law.
Boundary conditions on the surfaces (restricting the
capacity of the free-running grain mixture) have been
researched. The distributions of apparent density and
velocity field are assigned at the inlet and outlet flow
sections of the mixture. The normal velocity component
of the grain mixture on the side frames and on the sieve
becomes zero, which meets the no-fluid-loss condition
of the medium through the frame. Beyond that point at
this time we satisfy dynamic conditions, which
characterize the mixture sliding down the hard frame,
motion flow resistance force is represented as average
velocity linear dependence. A kinematic condition and
two dynamic ones are stipulated on the free surface
layer. One of the conditions states mass flow continuity
across the free surface, the other one states the stress
continuity while passing through the free surface.
The basic premise of planned motion equations is
the condition of small size of flow depth in comparison
with its width. With the use of shallow water theory the
basic principles of the equations of flow dynamics are
simplified and for their solving a Cauchy problem can
be set.
Key words: shallow water theory, planned flow
motion, free-running mixture, stress tensor, strain
velocity, viscous friction.
Iryna Ustinova
Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Povitroflotskyy prosp., 31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03680, e-mail:i-ust@mail.ru
Theoretical Principles of Wave Urbanistics-pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. During studying and mathematical
description of the trends of urbanized territories
development as ecological and town-planning systems
there were several vague similarities founded
between its major parameters change periodicity
and other physical values, having undulatory nature.
Obtained counterparts had predetermined interest
for search of fundamental basics of urbanization.
It turned out that all laws of Nature has the
same basis power permanence rule. This law is
known in philosophy as principle of Ťchange of
unchangeableť, in ecology as a law of ecosystem
self-regulation, in accordance to which at conditions
of insufficient occupancy of the territory the
population amount growths, and at conditions of
over-occupancy it decreases. According to research,
also development attributable to the dynamics of
urbanized territories is noticeable, in which all the
four types of physical interactions are expressed to
a certain degree. These and other results of research
have allowed to articulate the main principles
of ecological space Ťurban physicsť content,
which have proven to be coordinated with the postulates
of new single field physics (Bishkek version).
The above-mentioned have allowed to lay
down the theoretical foundation for an occurrence
of a new branch in the science of townplanning
i.e. wave urbanistics, as a science of
management by unduly processes of territories
development in order to provide a conditions of
their sustainable development.
Key words: urban planning, sustainable development,
ecosystem self-regulation, ecological
balance, demographical capacity, ecological and
town-planning systems.
Grzegorz Wcisło, Bolesław Pracuch
Faculty of Production Engineering and Power Technologies
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
BioEnergia Małopolska Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, Poland
e-mail: Grzegorz.wcislo@ur.krakow.pl
Determination of the distillation parameters of the milesPLUS diesel fuel
comprising a bio-component in the form of methyl esters of corn oil
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of
adding bio-components in the form of methyl esters of corn oil to
the milesPLUS diesel oil on its fractional composition. The corn
biofuel was produced in-house by using an own-design GW-200
reactor. The diesel fuel evaporated at temperatures ranging from
162 to 352oC. The addition of 7, 20 and 40% of a bio-component
in principle does not affect the deterioration of the starting
point distillation temperatures. They affect the temperature at the
end of distillation to a greater extent, resulting in temperatures
exceeding 360oC.
Key words: Biodiesel, CME Corn Methyl Esters, fractional
composition, temperature distillation, fuel diesel.
Ryszard Wolny, Tadeusz Zloto
Institute of Mechanical Technologies, Czestochowa University of Technology
Armii Krajowej 21, 42-201 Czestochowa, rwolny@itm.pcz.pl, zlotot@o2.pl
Modern Robots in the Painting Process of the Load-Carrying Boxes
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. In the paper the new constructions of robots, modern
technologies of painting and newest methods of paint robots programming
were presented. Fanuc P-250iA robot using to painting
was characterized. The general characteristic of robot with
controller R-30iA was demonstrated. The technology and the
paint equipment applied to paint frames and load-carrying boxes
was shown. The possibilities of simulation software Roboguide
were presented exactly, which is a tool for robot environment
simulation on a computer PC. Roboguide system application can
reduce the programming time of robots and necessary programs
optimization conducted before implementation to production.
Key words: load-carrying box, robot, painting process, Roboguide
system, programming, optimization.
Nataliya Zhuravska, Eduard Malkin
Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture
Povitroflotskyy prosp., 31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03680, e-mail: nzhur@ua.fm
Energy-saving Technologies with the Use of Water
Treated in Magnetic Fields
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Summary. The current hypotheses of water structure and influence
of the magnetic field on the change in its structure have been analyzed.
The hypotheses of the feasibility of using high-frequency
electromagnetic fields to enhance their impact on the water structure
and the stability of this process have been formulated. Experimental
studies on using water treated in high-frequency electromagnetic
fields for eco-concrete production have been carried out.
Key words: magnetized water, field density, wave motion frequency,
time of water processing in the field.
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