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TEKA
Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa VII/2007.
Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture
Strona redakcyjna - editorial page - plik PDF
AN ATTEMPT AT AN ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION OF BLOW-BY INTENSITY TO A CRANKCASE
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Karol F. Abramek
Department of Automotive Vehicles Operation, Szczecin University of Technology
Piastów Av. 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland, e-mail: mmrozik@ps.pl
Summary. The aim of this elaboration was an attempt to determine a mathematical description of a blow-by phenomenon to engine crankcases for various types of engines on the basis of many years of the authors previous work. An effect of basic constructional and operational parameters on the value of the blow-by intensity was considered.
Key words: blow-by, combustion engine, piston, piston rings, cylinder
THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON FUELS AND BIOFUELS ON SELF-IGNITION DELAY PERIOD
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Andrzej Ambrozik, Tomasz Ambrozik, Piotr Łagowski
Faculty of Mechatronics and Machine Building, Kielce University of Technology
Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Av. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland, e-mail:silspal@tu.kielce.pl
Summary. The paper discusses an influence of hydrocarbon fuels and biofuels properties on self-ignition delay period in AD3.152 UR engine. The period significantly affects the combustion speed, the rate of pressure and temperature increase, easy engine starting and other engine performance characteristics. It also influences the emission values of basic toxic components such as CO, HC, NOx, PM in exhaust gases. The values of self-ignition delay period were determined when the engine was fuelled by EKODIESEL PLUS 50 hydrocarbon fuel (environmentally friendly winter diesel oil) and FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) plant fuel, made of plant or animal oils fatty acids methyl esters. Investigations into the engine were conducted in an engine test house equipped with a system for measuring pressures and other fast changing values. In investigations the engine was operated under load conditions at the maximum torque speed n = 1400 rpm and rated power speed n = 2000 rpm. The analysis of results was made on the basis of averaged pressures in indicator diagrams taken on 100 engine work cycles.
Key words: combustion engines, indicator diagram, self-ignition delay period, engine fuels
PLASTIC CYCLOIDAL GEARS APPLIED IN HYDRAULIC MACHINES - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Sławomir Bednarczyk, Jarosław Stryczek
Wroclaw University of Technology
Łukasiewicza Str. 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland, e-mail: slawomir.bednarczyk@pwr.wroc.pl
Summary.The paper presents plastic cycloidal gears using the method of injection moulding. The design requirements for plastic gears were presented. The results of research of pump with plastic cycloidal gears were presented.
Key words: plastic cycloidal gears, injection mould, hydraulic machine
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION USING COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF INTERVALS FOR ONE-SEED SOWING APPARATUS WITH HORIZONTAL DISK DURING MAIZE SEEDING
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Victor Belodedov, Paweł Nosko, P. Fil, Valeriy Stavitskiy
The East Ukranian National Dal's University
Lugansk, Ukraine, e-mail: nikoshi@mail.ru
Summmary. The paper deals with the development of a model establishing the correlation between intervals variation coefficient between maize seeds during dotted sowing and three factors - height and diameter of seed duct as well as velocity of machine movement. An influence of each factor separately with the fixed values of the others has been determined with the help of this model and the optimization has been effected. The given material can be used while developing new sowing machines.
Key words: seeds, distribution, statistical data
SELF-SEGREGATION OF MAIZE KERNELS DURING GRAVITATIONAL DISCHARGE FROM A SILO
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Janusz Bowszys, Jarosław Tomczykowski
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Oczapowskiego Str. 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, e-mail: bowter@ uwm.edu.pl
Summary. The aim of the study was to find out how some additional elements inside a silo affected segregation of a grain mixture. Three types of silos, natural scale size, with a funnel for discharging stored grain were tested. Maize kernels were used as experimental material. It was demonstrated that in a silo with a central ventilation pipe the last batch of grain contained 2.8-fold more useless impurities than the average value. It is recommended to subject the final portion of discharged grain to additional cleaning in the types of silos tested.
Key words: silos, self-segregation, distribution of impurities
USE OF AGRICULTURAL AND COMMUNAL WASTE PRODUCTS IN FERTILIZATION OF OILSEED RAPE GROWN FOR BIOFUEL- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Teresa Bowszys*, Wiera Sądej**, Jadwiga Wierzbowska*
*Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Protection
**Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Oczapowskiego Str. 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, e-mail: bowter@ uwm.edu.pl
Summary. Seeds of three double zero oilseed rape population cultivars and 1 hybrid cultivar, grown in two field experiment, made up the material for our tests. The aim was to compare the effect of agricultural waste products (FYM, slurry) and sewage sludge. In experiment 1, where traditional fertilizers were applied (FYM, slurry, mineral fertilizers), depending on a cultivar and fertilization system, rape seeds contained on average from 46.22 to 47.97% of fat. Each type of organic as well as organic and mineral fertilization resulted in an increase of the oil concentration in seeds. In experiment 2, seeds of winter oilseed rape cv. Californium from objects fertilized with 10 t d.m. ha-1 (2004) of sewage sludge composted with straw (Biohum) and sewage sludge alone (Tyrowo) contained on average over 50% of crude oil. The crude oil yield depended on the volume of seed yield. FYM fertilization as well as application of various sewage sludge-based composts increased the yield of oil by over 2.5 t per ha, on average. Mineral fertilization, fertilization with a high rate of slurry or a single rate of sewage sludge increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids. In contrast, FYM and double application of sewage sludge in rotation increased the proportions of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids.
Key words: fertilization, winter oilseed rape, oil, fatty acids
SIMULATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES INSTRUMENT PANELS IN LABVIEW ENVIRONMENT
pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Marcin Buczaj, Andrzej Sumorek
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology
Nadbystrzycka Str. 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: mbuczj@pollub.pl
Summary. The basic task to be performed by the instrument panel installed in the vehicle cockpit is the visualization of technical condition for the basic systems included in the vehicle equipment and the displaying of travel parameters. Actually the cockpits are equipped with many warning lamps and needle indicators informing the driver of the vehicle condition. The concept of electronic instrument panels displaying the readings on the screen has been presented in the paper using the example of the instrument panel installed in FSO POLONEZ motor cars. The operation of the instrument panel of the motor car was simulated in LabVIEW environment.
Key words: motorization, LabView applications, visualization of processes
DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE SHOCK ABSORBERS IN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES IN A SELECTED DIAGNOSTIC STATION
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Marcin Buczaj, Stanisław Walusiak, Wiktor Pietrzyk
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Lublin University of Technology
Nadbystrzycka Str. 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: swal@elektron.pol.lublin.pl
Summary. The maintenance of the shock absorbers in proper technical condition is essential for operating safety of automotive vehicles and improves the driving comfort of the vehicle. The results obtained from diagnostic tests carried out in a selected diagnostic station for the shock absorbers were put forward in the present paper.
Key words: motorization, diagnostics, shock absorbers
THE DRIVING THEORY OF THE COMBINE-HARVESTER FOR GATHERING FLAX
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Volodymyr Bulgakov
National Agrarian University Gueroyiv Oborony Str. 15,
Kyiv, 252041, Ukraine, e-mail: mechanics@nauu.kiev.ua
Summary: Picking device oscillating motion in flax harvesting assembly is studied. Equivalent dynamic models of mechanical system with one and two degrees of freedom are developed
Key words: combine harvester, flax, oscillating motion, dynamic models
APPLICATION OF CORRELATION ANALYSIS IN PROECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF INFLUENCE OF GABARIT-MASS MODIFICATION IN TRACTOR ENGINES PISTON ON VIBRATION DYNAMICS OF A CYLINDER LINER
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Zbigniew Burski*, Joanna Tarasińska**
*Department of Vehicles and Engines, Agricultural University of Lublin,
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-062 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: zbigniew.burski@ar.lublin.pl
**Department of Applied Mathematics, Agricultural University of Lublin,
Akademicka Str. 13, 20-934 Lublin, Poland, joanna.tarasinska@ar.lublin.pl
Summary. In the paper the analysis of correlation is used to estimate the influence of gabarit-mass modification in a conventional piston of S 4002/3 engine on the vibration dynamics in the cylinder liner. The obtained results allow to ascertain a significant influence of gassive force on the vibration dynamics inside of a cylinder liner under considered research conditions.
Key words: agricultural tractor, piston-cylinder system, simulation experiment, vibration dynamics
OPTIMIZATION OF IMMOVABLE MATERIAL LAYER AT DRYING
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Volodymyr Didukh, Ruslan Kirchuk
Lutsk State Technical University,
Lvivska Str. 75, Lutsk, 43018, Ukraine, e-mail: lab-amb@ukr.net
Summary. The article represents a mathematical model of drying of immovable layer of plant material, that enables optimization of the height of a layer loaded into the drier.
Key words: immovable thick layer, elementary thin layer, drying agent, drying coefficient, step-by-step method of drying calculation.
THE PROCESS OF GRAIN RELOCATION WITH SCREW CONVEYORS
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Kazimierz A. Dreszer*, Tadeusz Pawłowski**, Paweł Zagajski*
Kazimierz A. Dreszer*, Tadeusz Pawłowski**, Paweł Zagajski*
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-062 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: kazimierz.dreszer@ar.lublin.pl
**Industrial Institute of Agricultural Machines in Poznań
Summary.Simple construction and reliability of screw conveyors have resulted in their general application in diferent agricultural machines. Although they are widely used as means of transport (relocation), there is scarce literature concerning an influence of the main exploitation parameters on their efficiency, energy consumption or number of damages to the relocated grain. In the presented work an attempt was made at a synthesis of versatile theoretical research as well as its exemplification in agricultural machines.An interesting part of the paper are results and analysis of grain relocation using video-computer technology concerning the mechanism of grain damaging.
The paper ends with conclusions and proposals as to principles of exploitation of the above-mentioned conveyors during grain relocation.
Key words: screw conveyors, efficiency, energy consumption, grain damage
TESTING OF AN IGNITION SYSTEM IN A CAR RUN ON VARIOUS FUELS
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Mieczysław Dziubiński*, Stanisław Walusiak**, Wiktor Pietrzyk**
*Department of Automotive Vehicles,
**Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Lublin University of Technology
Nadbystrzycka Str. 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: swal@elektron.pol.lublin.pl
Summary. An analysis of operating states of ignition system elements in cars fitted with LPG installations was an objective of the study. Tests were performed on a car of Mazda 323 F make. Measurements were taken to establish a dependence of ignition system input voltage on the kind of spark plugs, spark plug electrode gap size, and ignition coil load at engine fueling with gasoline and LPG..
Key words: ignition system, spark plug, secondary voltage, LPG fueling
LUBRICATE PROPERTIES OF BIO-FUELS- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Leszek Gardyński
Department of Material Engineering, Lublin University of Technology,
Nadbystrzycka Str. 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: gardynski@pollub.pl
Summary.The paper presents selected results of research on the wear of metal elements of a diesel engine fuel supply system operating on green bio-mass fuels. The tests were conducted on a original test rig using a new methodology. Several bio-fuels were tested, including rapeseed oil and various mixtures of rapeseed oil and the standard diesel oil. BIODIESEL oil, rapeseed oil esters (FAME) and various blends of the esters and the standard diesel fuel (including commercially available blends) were also tested. The test results show significant differences in lubricating properties of bio-fuels.
Key words: abrasive wear, testing facility, bio-fuels, vegetable oils, esters
INTELLIGENT ELECTRIC SYSTEMS IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Marek Horyński
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Lublin University of Technology,
Nadbystrzycka Str. 38 D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: m.horynski@pollub.pl
Summary. The intelligent electric systems for urban traffic control have been presented in the present paper. The road traffic detector and its role in traffic control system have also been characterized. Furthermore the intelligent transport system and its role in urban communication as well as SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System) have been discussed.
Key words: intelligent electric systems, road traffic, urban orientation systems, traffic control system
MODELLING OF PULVERISING AERATOR OPERATION PARAMETERS - pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Ryszard Konieczny
Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming (ILRGF) at Falenty,Western Pomeranian Research Centre in Szczecin
Czesława Str. 9, 71-504 Szczecin, Poland, e-mail: rkoniecz@poczta.onet.pl
Summary. The paper describes the structure and operation of a new type of a pulverising aerator and stresses the necessity of developing and implementing aeration techniques to improve water quality of inland reservoirs. Mathematical modelling of hypolimnetic water inflow to the aerator intake chamber is presented, as well as the model being used to select the aerator's operation parameters and to determine the aerator conical turbine energy demand for pulverising aeration of hypoxic and anoxic water masses present in the near-bottom zone of numerous temperate water reservoirs.
Key words: aerator, modelling, pulverising aeration, water reservoirs
BALANCING OF WORKING INDICATORS OF AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR AS THE WAY TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF FARMING
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Adam Koniuszy
Basic Technique Department, Agricultural Academy in Szczecin
Papieża Pawła VI Str. 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland, e-mail: adamkoniuszy@agro.ar.szczecin.pl
Summary. In this article we show the results of the exploitation research of the agricultural tractor U 912. The selected indicators of the exploited agricultural tractor were balanced and compared in two one-month agricultural periods. During the first research period the tractor worked as a transport vehicle, and during the second period ? took part in post-harvest crops. The results were shown in the form of time courses of chosen parameters as well as one- and two-dimensional frequency characteristics. Essential participation of idle running working time of the engine was found, which matched the distribution of power and showed that it is not optimally utilized while the tractor is working on the studied farm.
Key words:agricultural tractor, exploiting, working indicators, balancing
FSOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE OXYGENATED FUELS FOR DIESEL ENGINES
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Miłosław Kozak, Jerzy Merkisz
* Institute of IC Engines and Transport, Poznań University of Technology
Piotrowo Str. 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: Miloslaw.Kozak@put.poznan.pl
Summary.The paper describes some properties of synthetic oxygenates and their influence on exhaust emissions from diesel engines. According to the results of examinations, oxygenates are an effective method for obtaining the reduction in the PM, CO and HC emissions without a significant increase in the NOx emission. The high price and poor availability of oxygenates pose however a certain barrier for their common application.
Key words: diesel engine, exhaust emissions, diesel fuel, fuel additives, synthetic oxygenates
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN TRITICALE GRAIN DURING LAYER FILLING OF A SILO
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Elżbieta Kusińska
Department of Food Process Engineering, Agricultural University of Lublin
Doświadczalna Str. 44, 20-236 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: elzbieta.kusinska@ar.lublin.pl
Summary. Results of model studies on temperature distribution in "Maja" triticale grain at longitudinal section of a silo filled with two grain layers of different moisture contents were presented. Four experiments were carried out, diffeing with upper and lower grain layers moisture contents as follows: 16% w.b. and 12% w.b., 12% w.b. and 16% w.b., 20% w.b. and 12% w.b., 12% and 20% w.b. Grain was stored at constant outer temperature of 15°C for 21 days under oxygen respiration conditions. Grain temperature was recorded every day at 40 measurement points. Higher grain temperatures were achieved in cases when higher-humidity grain was at the top part of the silo. Study results were subjected to regression analysis, which resulted in formulation of the equations determining the grain temperature at subsequent experiments depending on process duration and localization of measurement points. Variance analysis revealed that all experimental variables exerted significant influence on temperature increase of triticale grain.
Key words: grain storage, silo, temperature
START OF LIQUID LPG SEQUENTIAL INJECTION INFLUENCE ON THE SELECTED USEFUL AND ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SI ENGINE
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Kazimierz Lejda, Artur Jaworski
Department of Automotive Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines Rzeszów University of Technology,
Powstańców Warszawy Av. 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland, e-mail: klejda@prz.rzeszow.pl
Summary. In the paper some research results in relation to start of liquid LPG sequential injection influence on the useful parameters of spark ignition engine was presented. The main process that decides about an engines working process is the fresh charge supply into cylinder and air-fuel mixture formation. In an engine fuelled with sequential injection of liquid LPG into the suction manifold arms, the process of air-fuel mixture formation among other things depends on the start of fuel injection, that directly influences useful and ecological parameters.
Key words: liquid LPG injection, sequential injection, air-fuel mixture creation
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIESEL WORKS- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Janusz Mysłowski, Marek Małkowski, Mirosław Uzdowski
Mechanical Engineering Szczecin University of Technology
Piastów Av. 17, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
Summary. The paper presents some problems connected with a negative influence of a diesel start on the environment. Stoichiometric calculations were made for start doses of a fuel, both diesel oil and methyl ester of rapeseed oil.
Key words: diesel engine, start-up device
ENGINEERING OF OBTAINING VEGETABLE PEPPER SEED- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Sergiey Pastushenko, Kostyantyn Dumenko
Faculty of Farm Mechanization, Mykolyiv State Agrarian University
Krylova Str. 17 A, 54-040 Mykolaiv, Ukraine, e-mail: dumenkokn@mksat.net
Summary. The article contains the theoretical pre-conditions for the creation of a new machine for obtaining the seeds of sweet and hot pepper. A principal scheme of the new machine, the technological line for obtaining the seeds of sweet and hot pepper and the results of the field and laboratory tests are presented in the article.
Key words: impurity of seed, losses of seed, whip mechanism, supplying the seed
ELEMENTS OF THE DRAUGHT VEHICLE KINEMATICAL MODEL THEORY
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Leonid Petrov*, Anatoliy Yakovenko*, Olena Chumak**, Wojciech Tanaś***
* Odessa State Agriculture University
Kanatna Str. 99, 65039 Odessa, Ukraine, e-mail: yakovenkoan@ukr.net
**Odessa State Freeze Academy
***The Agricultural University of Lublin
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland, wojciech.tanas@ar.lublin.pl
Summary. The paper presents the theory of comparative mobility of energetic vehicle, which allows to improve the calculation methods of energetic vehicle mobility parameters that have influence on its energy balance in a moving process.
Key words: energetic vehicle, kinematics, mobility, tractive force
THE SENIOR LECTURER PETROVS PROPELLER EFFECT IN PROFESSOR YAKOVENKOS INTERPRETATION
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Leonid Petrov*, Anatoliy Yakovenko*, Olena Chumak**, Stanislaw Sosnowski***
*Odessa State Agriculture University
Kanatna Str. 99, 65039 Odessa, Ukraine, e-mail: yakovenkoan@ukr.net
**Odessa State Freeze Academy
***Department of Production Engineering, University of Rzeszów
Ćwiklińskiej Str. 2, 35-6001 Rzeszów, Poland, e-mail: ssos@univ.rzeszszov.pl
Summary.There were proposed the elements of the possible occurrence of propeller effect theory in special moving conditions of energetic vehicles.
Key words: vehicle, propeller, effect, speed area
TEST STAND FOR RECORDING AN EFFECT OF OPERATION CONDITIONS ON INJECTOR OPENING TIME- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Wiktor Pietrzyk, Marek Podleśny, Stanisław Walusiak
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Lublin University of Technology
Nadbystrzycka Str. 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: swal@elektron.pol.lublin.pl
Summary.The paper presents a design concept for a stand to record electromagnetic and mechanical opening/closing time of injectors used in fueling systems of I.C. engines. The device makes it possible to precisely determine the injector needle opening and closing time due to the application of an oscilloscope of the 100 MHz sampling rate and an IR sensor to record the real-time needle position. Results of testing gas injector opening lag for various values of supply voltage and injected gas pressure have been presented.
Key words: gas injector, test stand, control pulse, needle opening lag, position sensor
IMPACT OF THE SHARE INCLINATION ANGLE ON THE PLOUGHING RESISTANCE
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Adolfs Rucins*, Arvids Vilde*, Janusz Nowak**
*Research Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Latvia University of Agriculture
Instituta 1, Ulbroka, LV-2130 Latvia,e-mail: arucins@delfi.lv ; vilde@delfi.lv
**Management and Production Engineering, Agricultural University of Lublin,
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland,e-mail: janusz.nowak@ar.lublin.pl
Summary.The main parameters of a plough body that determine the ploughing efficiency are the initial and final soil strip lifting angles on the share-mouldboard surface, the angles of its horizontal generatrix, the radius of this surface and the working width of the body. By using analytical correlations derived as a result of theoretical research, a computer algorithm has been worked out for simulating the functions of the plough body and the forces exerted by soil upon the operating parts, as well as its draft resistance depending on the share inclination angle, determining the initial lifting angle. By increasing it, the draft resistance increases. For economical ploughing its optimum vary 28°-32°.
Key words: plough body parameters, forces acting on the plough body, draft resistance, analytic correlations, optimisation of parameters, share inclination angle
FACTORS INFLUENCE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF DISINTEGRATION SWEET CORN COB
pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Mariusz Szymanek, Paweł Sobczak
The Faculty of Production Engineering, The Agricultural University of Lublin,
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: mariusz.szymanek@ar.lublin.pl
Summary.The paper presents the results of the research on energy consumption in the process of cutting and crushing corn sweet cob. The cutting were realized on testing machine Instron 4302 and the crushing on the knife crusher H151/0. The measurements of energy consumption were taken on a research stand. An influence was tested of the variety, hole diameter of sieve and angle of setting knife on the analysed parameters. The density of corncobs influenced the change in consumption of energy
Key words:sweet corn, cob pith, energy, disintegration
DISTRIBUTION OF LOADINGS IN TRANSMISSION TRACTION POWER MEANS WITH ALL DRIVING WHEELS AND WITH SYSTEM OF PUMPING OF TRUNKS
AT WORK WITH HINGED INSTRUMENTSpełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Georgiy Tayanowskiy*, Wojciech Tanaś**
* The Belarussian State University of Technique
Prospekt F. Skoriny 65, 220023 Minsk, Belarus
**The Agricultural University of Lublin
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland, wojciech.tanas@ar.lublin.pl
Summary.The article presents the developed technique of the parametrical analysis of distribution of loadings in transmission power means with system of pumping of trunks at work with various hinged instruments in structure of the multioperational agricultural unit, the program realizing a technique, and results of alternative calculations on it.
Key words: the tractor hinged unit, loadings in transmission, a technique of the analysis, the program of calculation
IMITATING MODEL OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR UNIT FOR RESEARCH OF DYNAMIC LOADINGS IN TRANSMISSION AND SMOOTHNESS OF A MOTION
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Georgiy Tayanowskiy, Jurij Atamanov*, Wojciech Tanaś**
*The Belarussian State University of Technique
Prospekt F. Skoriny 65, 220023 Minsk, Belarus
**The Agricultural University of Lublin
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland, wojciech.tanas@ar.lublin.pl
Summary.The article presents the developed mathematical imitation model for research of dynamic loadings in transmission and smoothness of a motion of a machine-tractor unit on the basis of chassis with all driving wheels as well as the hinge-jointed agricultural tractor with the wheel formula 6?6.
Key words: the hinge-jointed agricultural tractor chassis, mathematical imitation model, loadings in transmissions, smoothness of a motion
IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN MATERIALS AND FOUNDRY TECHNIQUES IN WIND POWER ENERGETICS
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Józef Turzyński, Edward Czekaj
Foundry Research Institute in Krakow,
Zakopiańska Str. 73, 30-418 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: iod@iod.krakow.pl
Summary.The article presents one of the most advantageous trends of the development in the world power industry: wind power stations. One third of the weight of the installations in the wind power stations consists of castings. Since the year 2006 an increase in the demand for such castings, and, consequently, an increase in the chances of the European and Polish foundries is foreseen. The Enterprise METALODLEW S.A. (Joint Stock Company) in Kraków as the main element of its development strategy assumed an increase in the production of large-sized, technologically advanced castings made in high quality foundry materials and designed chiefly for export. Among this group of castings are castings of parts for wind power stations. A challenge for METALODLEW and the scientific circles in Kraków, with whom this enterprise co-operates, was an order for a casting of a platform for the wind power station of the type N-60 according to the strictly determined acceptance requirements, quality inspection and anticorrosion protection. The authors of the article presented the characteristics of the above-mentioned casting of the platform and the preparatory work connected with the realisation of this order for the wind power station of the type N-60. Finally, the obtained mechanical properties of this casting which allow its application under extreme static and dynamic loads and low temperature were given.
Key words:wind power plants, ductile cast iron
INFLUENCE OF TOOTH GEARING PARAMETERS ON FURNISH ACCURACY OF THE SURFACES OF PREPARATION AND THE TOOL
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Sergiey Uminski*, Anatoliy Yakovenko*, Wojciech Tanaś**
?Odessa Agricultural University,
Kanatna Str. 99, 65039 Odessa, Ukraine
**The Agricultural University of Lublin
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland, wojciech.tanas@ar.lublin.pl
Summary.The way of reception of longitudinal updating tools is described. The settlement dependencies for definition of a corner of axes submission are given, which provide achievement of longitudinal updating tools.
Key words: updating tools, angle of the crossing, a stain of contact
THEORIES OF FRICTION AND THEIR APPLICABILITY TO SOIL- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Arvids Vilde, Guntis Sevostjanovs*, Janusz Nowak**
*Research Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Latvia University of Agriculture, e-mail: vilde@delfi.lv
**Management and Production Engineering, Agricultural University of Lublin,
Głęboka Str. 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Summary. A brief review of the friction theories is given. The mechanical, molecular, molecular-kinetic and molecular-mechanical theories of friction are analysed and discussed. For the investigations of soil the most acceptable is Deryagins opinion and the two-part formulae that allow determination of soil friction as a specific adhesion on the working surfaces.
Key words: theories of friction, the mechanical friction theory, the molecular friction theory, the molecular-kinetic friction theory, the molecular-mechanical friction theory
AN ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF THE WORK OF A TECHNICAL OBJECT
pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Voytyuk Valeriy
National Agricultural University of Ukraine
Georgiv Oborony Str. 15, Kyiv 03041, Ukraine, e-mail; mechanics@nauu.kiev.ua
Summary.The principle of entropy growth for an analysis of stability of the work of technical systems is analyzed, including the consideration of stochastic processes and the functional phenomena.
Key words: entropy, operational reliability, technical object
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Stanisław Walusiak, Wiktor Pietrzyk
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Lublin University of Technology
Nadbystrzycka Str. 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: swal@elektron.pol.lublin.pl
Summary.A number of electrical energy receivers and electronic systems installed in modern cars is considerable and that is why their reliable operation is of basic significance for correct performance of a vehicle. Fast detection of faults by the in-car diagnostics or at diagnostic stands makes an important question. Computer-based testing system ensures fast control of the tested element or system operation by measuring diagnostic parameters, comparing them to the required values and printing the results out. The paper presents results of diagnostic tests on electrical and electronic automotive equipment performed at selected diagnostic stations. Failure-rate analysis has been performed for circuits and elements of electronic systems installed in cars.
Key words: car diagnostics, electrical equipment, diagnostic tools, sensors, controller, ignition system, injection system
FACTORS INFLUENCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROCESSING PLANTS
pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Janusz Wojdalski, Bogdan Dróżdż, Michał Lubach
Production Engineering Department, Warsaw Agricultural University
Nowoursynowska Str. 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: wip koip@sggw.waw.pl
Summary. Results have been presented of research on variability of total energy in fruit and vegetable processing plants. Reasons have been explained for the variability of per unit energy consumption indices taking into account the impact of various technical and technological factors. Per unit fuel and energy consumption indices have been obtained that can be applied in determining environment standards and production costs..
Key words: fruit and vegetable processing industry, production energy consumption, company per unit fuel and energy consumption indices
RESEARCHES OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF THE ROTARY ALLOCATOR OF VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT AXIAL PISTON HYDROMACHINE
pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Viktoria Zheglova*, Ilya Nikolenko*, Stanisław Sosnowski**
*The Odessa National Polytechnical University. Ukraine
**Department of Production Engineering, University of Rzeszów
Ćwiklińskiej Str. 2, 35-6001 Rzeszów, Poland, e-mail: ssos@univ.rzeszov.pl
Summary.This paper is dedicated to study of variable displacement axial pistpn hydromachine with inclined block of cylinders. The stress and deformation states of the main element of the hydromachine of the given type valve plate were observed. Calculations were conducted with help of the modern program package ANSYS. The maximum values of deformation and stress were established.
Key words: axial piston hydromachine, transmissions, valve plate, swinging unit
ANALYSIS OF THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF OIL FILM IN THE VARIABLE HEIGHT GAP BETWEEN THE VALVE PLATE AND CYLINDER BLOCK IN THE AXIAL PISTON PUMPpełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Tadeusz Złoto*, Arkadiusz Nagórka **
* Institute of Machine Technology and Production Automation,
Armii Krajowej Av. 21, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, e-mail:zloto@itm.pcz.czest.pl
** Institute of Computer and Information SciencesCzęstochowa University of Technology
Dąbrowskiego Str. 73, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, e-mail: arkadiusz.nagorka@icis.pcz.czest.pl
Summary.The pressure distribution of oil film at the smallest height of the gap occurring between the valve plate and cylinder block is presented as a variable depending on the geometrical and exploitation parameters of the axial piston pump. The analysis was performed using the finite element method implemented in a computer program developed by the authors of the present paper.
Key words: pressure distribution, variable height gap, axial piston pump, computer program
ANALYSIS OF THE HYDROSTATIC LOAD OF THE CYLINDER BLOCK IN AN AXIAL PISTON PUMP
- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Tadeusz Złoto
Institute of Machine Technology and Production Automation,Częstochowa University of Technology
Armii Krajowej Av. 21, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, e-mail:zloto@itmpcz.czest.pl
Summary.The paper offers an analysis of the hydrostatic load of the cylinder block - valve plate system in an axial piston pump. Calculation models of hydrostatic pressing and repelling forces operating between the cylinder block and the valve plate are presented. The degree of relief and trajectories of the gravity centre of the resultant hydrostatic forces applied to the cylinder block are investigated.
Key words: hydrostatic forces, cylinder block relief, axial piston pump
ANALYSIS OF THE PLANETARY GEAR OF RAVIGNEAUX TYPE AND ITS APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Jerzy Żebrowski*, Zbigniew Żebrowski**
* University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,
Oczapowskiego Str. 11, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, e-mail: jerzy.zebrowski@uwm.edu.pl
** The Technical University of Warsaw,
Narbutta Str. 84, 02-524 Warszawa, Poland, e-mail: zbigniew.zebrowski@simr.pw.edu.pl
Summary.This paper presents two variants of the planetary gear of Ravigneaux type. An analysis of the power flux through the gear on the particular speeds was derived and its usefulness in the agricultural tractors was discussed
Key words: agricultural tractor, planetary gear, power flux analysis
HYBRID GEARS IN FARM TRACTORS- pełny artykuł (full article) - plik PDF
Zbigniew Żebrowski
The Technical University of Warsaw,
Narbutta Str. 84, 02-524 Warszawa, Poland, e-mail: zbigniew.zebrowski@simr.pw.edu.pl
Summary.The objective of this work was to present the newest generation of hybrid gearboxes being in use in the agriculture tractors. Kinetic schemes were presented and the operation principles of these devices were described. The work contains also a set of tables and graphs that compare different types of hybrid gearboxes by the criteria of their efficiency and the velocities that can be reached by tractors on the particular gearshifts.
Key words: farm tractor, transmission, hybrid gearbox
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